martes, agosto 05, 2008

Nils Runeberg

Siempre me pareció extraordinario este cuento de Borges, "Tres versiones de Judas".
Transcribo sólo una parte, que correspondería a la última de las "versiones", adjudicadas por JLB a Nils Runeberg. La negrita es mía, y seguramente innecesaria.



(...) A fines de 1907, Runeberg terminó y revisó el texto manuscrito; casi dos años transcurrieron sin que lo entregara a la imprenta. En octubre de 1909, el libro apareció con un prólogo (tibio hasta lo enigmático) del hebraísta dinamarqués Erik Erfjord y con este pérfido epígrafe: "En el mundo estaba y el mundo fue hecho por él, y el mundo no lo conoció" (Juan 1: 10). El argumento general no es complejo, si bien la conclusión es monstruosa. Dios, arguye Nils Runeberg, se rebajó a ser hombre para la redención del género humano; cabe conjeturar que fue perfecto el sacrificio obrado por él, no invalidado o atenuado por omisiones. Limitar lo que padeció a la agonía de una tarde en la cruz es blasfematorio. Afirmar que fue hombre y que fue incapaz de pecado encierra contradicción; los atributos de impeccabilitas y de humanitas no son compatibles. Kemnitz admite que el Redentor pudo sentir fatiga, frío, turbación, hambre y sed; también cabe admitir que pudo pecar y perderse. El famoso texto Brotará como raíz de tierra sedienta; no hay buen parecer en él, ni hermosura; despreciado y el último de los hombres; varón de dolores, experimentado en quebrantos (Isaías 53: 2­3), es para muchos una previsión del crucificado, en la hora de su muerte; para algunos (verbigracia, Hans Lassen Martensen), una refutación de la hermosura que el consenso vulgar atribuye a Cristo; para Runeberg, la puntual profecía no de un momento sino de todo el atroz porvenir, en el tiempo y en la eternidad, del Verbo hecho carne. Dios totalmente se hizo hombre hasta la infamia, hombre hasta la reprobación y el abismo. Para salvarnos, pudo elegir cualquiera de los destinos que traman la perpleja red de la historia; pudo ser Alejandro o Pitágoras o Rurik o Jesús; eligió un ínfimo destino: fue Judas.
En vano propusieron esa revelación las librerías de Estocolmo y de Lund. Los incrédulos la consideraron, a priori, un insípido y laborioso juego teológico; los teólogos la desdeñaron. Runeberg intuyó en esa indiferencia ecuménica una casi milagrosa confirmación. Dios ordenaba esa indiferencia; Dios no quería que se propalara en la tierra Su terrible secreto. Runeberg comprendió que no era llegada la hora: Sintió que estaban convergiendo sobre él antiguas maldiciones divinas; recordó a Elías y a Moisés, ,que en la montaña se taparon la cara para no ver a Dios; a Isaías, que se aterró cuando sus ojos vieron a Aquel cuya gloria llena la tierra; a Saúl, cuyos ojos quedaron ciegos en el camino de Damasco; al rabino Simeón ben Azaí, que vio el Paraíso y murió; al famoso hechicero Juan de Viterbo, que enloqueció cuando pudo ver a la Trinidad; a los Midrashim, que abominan de los impíos que pronuncian el Shem Hamephorash, el Secreto Nombre de Dios. ¿No era él, acaso, culpable de ese crimen oscuro? ¿No sería ésa la blasfemia contra el Espíritu, la que no será perdonada (Mateo 12: 31)? Valerio Sorano murió por haber divulgado el oculto nombre de Roma; ¿qué infinito castigo sería el suyo, por haber descubierto y divulgado el horrible nombre de Dios?
Ebrio de insomnio y de vertiginosa dialéctica, Nils Runeberg erró por las calles de Malmö, rogando a voces que le fuera deparada la gracia de compartir con el Redentor el Infierno.Murió de la rotura de un aneurisma, el primero de marzo de 1912. Los heresiólogos tal vez lo recordarán; agregó al concepto del Hijo, que parecía agotado, las complejidades del mal y del infortunio.


1944

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